It has been more than 1200 days since HKTV (formerly CTI) chairman Ricky Wong (王维基) submitted his application for a free-to-air television license to the HK government – as of right now, the license still has not been issued.
The HK television industry has seen a pretty dismal ratings slump recently – with the lack of 'refreshing' series for HK audiences to be excited about in recent months, what choice do audiences have except to either turn off their television sets completely or just leave the television on unattended while they go about their chores and tend to other more important matters?
Actually, there IS another choice! During their arduous 3 year (and counting) wait for a license, HKTV has been quite busy – they currently have 8 completed series in their inventory, with additional series still filming. Not one to sit idly and 'wait for the tea to get cold', Ricky Wong started up a 'Like' campaign on Facebook last week that featured links to short trailer clips of the first episode of his series on Youtube, ultimately culminating in a poll that allowed netizens to choose which series they wanted to watch most. The result: crime thriller Borderline (警界线) – starring Liu Kai Chi (廖啟智), Dominic Lam (林嘉華), Lawrence Chou (周俊偉), etc. – garnered 3000 of the 7000 votes submitted, making it the 'winner' amongst the 8 series. Therefore, as promised, HKTV premiered the complete, 42 minute commercial-free first episode of Borderline on Youtube last Friday night at 9:30pm (HKT). Within 48 hours, the first episode garnered 300,000 hits on Youtube and as of yesterday (6/18/13), that number has risen to more than 380,000 hits, which is equivalent to an estimated 6 to 7 ratings points in the television world. In addition, the feedback [toward the series] from netizens on Youtube and Facebook have been overwhelmingly positive. Indeed, the enthusiastic response from netizens has been very encouraging for the HKTV staff and as a result, they are considering the possibility of further on-line 'activity' for the series in the near future. [TN: I take this to mean that HKTV might air additional episodes of the series online in the future? Hope so!]
Last week, ND Daily's reporter visited HKTV's headquarters and interviewed 2 of the 'brains' behind the series Borderline: HKTV's creative director Chu King Kei (朱镜祺) and main producer So Man Chung (蘇萬聰). [TN: both Chu Sir and So Man Chung used to work for TVB – see their descriptions below at the end of the article.] Together, the 2 of them provide us with detailed insight into some of the work involved in producing the crime drama and also attempt to explain, from their perspective, the reason behind the premiere episode's tremendous success.
As a sidenote – you may be wondering why we [ND Daily] are paying so much attention to a series that hasn't even seen the light of day on HK's television screens yet? One reason is because out of the 8 HKTV series previewed so far, Borderline's strong, fast pace and spectacular movie quality action scenes give viewers a sense of freshness. The most important reason though is actually all the behind-the-scenes effort that the HKTV production team put into creating their series: in the past 1000+ days, the HKTV staff weren't just sitting around helplessly waiting for their license – rather, they've been actively doing a lot of non-traditional 'pre-production' work, such as specialized 'focus group' studies, audience trial screenings and feedback meetings, sample re-shoots of American TV series, research and study of movie-filming techniques, etc…..all of this is part of HKTV's 'attempt' to change the stagnant situation that the HK television industry has been in for the past decade. With that said though, HKTV will be the first to admit that it's impossible for HK series to change to a purely Westernized method of filming right away – but with the current feeble state of the HK television industry as well as audiences growing tired of the unchanging 'TVB method' to drama series, HKTV should at least deserve some credit for their well-intentioned 'attempt' at filming a "new type of HK series".
PART A: What exactly does a "new type of HK series" entail? To help us understand HKTV's direction and focus, Chu King Kei and So Man Chung provided a detailed 'summary' of Ricky Wong's vision and instructions when it comes to producing quality TV series:
** TV series can't be boring -- the dialogue needs to be short and precise so that audiences don't feel like they're 'listening' to the TV, the visual effects need to make audiences feel like they are 'watching' TV. Recently, TVB experienced a 'meltdown' when a few of their 'heavyweight' series failed to garner both high ratings and good word of mouth, with audiences lamenting that TVB's series have "lost their past splendor" and instead have resorted to becoming "housewife soap operas" and "highbrow literary series". In the face of such criticism, how should a production team go about finding a path straight to audiences' hearts while at the same time ensuring they create a high quality, meticulous product with a captivating story?
HKTV's creative director Chu King Kei (Chu Sir) explains it this way: "Let's take TVB's Beauty at War (金枝慾孽貳) for example – I feel that it definitely was a breakthrough series, but unfortunately, there were too many 'personal' elements in it. [Scriptwriter] Chow Yuk Ming (周旭明) and [producer] Jonathan Chik (戚其義) liked to use Kunqu opera and the 'rumor' theme to 'package' the series, but that only caused the 'dramatic' element to be lowered. That type of series requires audiences to pay careful attention and follow along closely as the drama slowly unfolds – in other words, it's not much of a 'commercial' work."
Chu Sir continues: "Ricky Wong requires us to produce works that are more 'commercial' in nature. For example, he requires us to have the best artistry and aesthetic effects in every series, so we have to pay very close attention to everything – we have to use the best cameras and ensure that things such as use of lenses, editing, color scheme, etc. meet the highest level standard – our goal is to give the series a 'movie' effect. First and foremost though, the number one requirement is that the series cannot be 'boring' to the point that audiences don't want to watch. It doesn't matter if the production team feels that the series is of high quality – the audiences have to feel the same way in order for it to count. Given this standard, we pretty much have to edit every single one of our series multiple times – for example, with Borderline, we did a lot of editing and cut a lot of stuff out so that the series overall is more compact. A good thing about this method is that it helps you further understand what exactly about this series is most appealing to audiences. Also, in a sense, we are trying to change audience's habit of 'listening' to the TV rather than watching it, hence our huge emphasis on the best visual effects – if we are successful in this area, then there is no need for unnecessary dialogue. These past 6 months, one of the biggest things that Mr. Wong has been trying to do is make our series more 'Westernized'."
** The first 15 minutes of a series is crucial and determines its 'life' or 'death'; TVB is the established 'first wife', how can a 'third party' compete? Got to be overly excited and zealous! Last week, HKTV put up 5 to 10 minute trailers of their 8 completed series on Youtube and from the number of 'hits' they received, determined which series was the most popular. For these types of trailers, most production teams would do a 'special feature' version where all the best parts of the series are included in those few minutes, however HKTV chose to do the opposite: for Borderline, they chose to air the unedited first 11 minutes of the series and to everyone's surprise, the clip garnered 44,000 'Likes' on Facebook within the very first day it was posted.
Towards the popularity of Borderline after only viewing the first 11 minutes of the series, Chu Sir explains: "It's no secret that 'the first 15 minutes of a series determines its life or death' – this concept applies to HK series as well, it's just that most production teams don't really pay close enough attention to this. American series actually place heavy emphasis on the first 15 minutes – the competition is greater over there because 1) there are a lot of TV stations to choose from and 2) American audiences have too many good things to watch, so they are a lot more selective and picky when it comes to this stuff. When I used to work at a TV station in Taiwan, I felt the same way. Taiwan has more than 100 TV stations, so audiences could sit at home with their remote and switch back and forth between channels –they could watch a minute of a series and if they don't like it, switch to something else. Knowing this, we put a lot of thought into the opening 15 minutes of Borderline – we wanted to make sure that within the first 10 minutes, there was enough suspense to make audiences feel that the entire segment is worth watching; every 5 minutes or so we would present a crisis, an intense moment, or situation that moves audiences."
Why pack so much suspense in the first 15 minutes? Chu Sir explains: "Because we believe in competition! It's necessary to make the first 15 minutes such high density to ensure that audiences remain engaged and don't want to take their eyes off the screen. We're fighting a life and death battle here!"
Chu Sir shared the analogy that Ricky Wong often used: "Mr. Wong often tells us that audiences will naturally have an emotional attachment to TVB, after all they've been 'together' for so long, like a couple that has been married for more than 40 years – as the newly joined 'third party', how can we compete? If you want to pull the audiences over to your side, you need put on the charm – this requires a lot of hard work as well as lots of energy and commitment. Sometimes, you may need to be overly zealous and excited."
** A different way of watching TV series – make the series feel like a movie. After the first episode of Borderline premiered on Youtube last Friday, HKTV also uploaded the episode to Tudou and Youku so that Mainland audiences would be able to watch as well. ND Daily's reporter gathered together some of the comments that Mainland audiences posted on sites such as Sina Weibo, Douban, etc. after watching the first episode and overall the comments have been positive. A few examples of the comments from Mainland audiences: "The picture quality is awesome, the movie-like feel is great, gives me the urge to once again turn on the television and chase series everyday; the editing, lighting, props, story, characters, etc. leave TVB behind by miles; the veteran actors draw us in with their fine acting, the dramatic tension is just right, the gun battle scenes feel like they're from a movie; after watching TVB's 'traditional formula' series for decades, I would like to give Ricky Wong some encouragement and hope that audiences have more options…"
After reading through all the comments, ND Daily's reporter was surprised to discover that the feedback from audiences coincided perfectly with the HKTV production team's 'original intention' as relayed to us when we interviewed the series' director So Man Chung last week. Chung Gor feels that audiences who enjoy watching movies and overseas (i.e. American) series are used to 'battling wits' with the directors and scriptwriters – they like to take apart each scene, catch on to every underlying signal or message, etc. and from doing so, they find joy in the viewing experience. HK audiences on the other hand are completely opposite -- they've essentially been 'spoiled' by decades of watching HK 'formula' series and feel that they should just be able to sit at home and watch without having to think and still be able to understand what's going on. Indeed, the era of 'blindly' watching series should be gone already….with Borderline, HKTV is attempting to give HK audiences a different type of viewing experience – a TV series with a movie-like feel.
Below are a few more 'guidelines' that the HKTV production team must keep in mind in the course of putting together their series:
** Our series should maintain a fast pace – think of it as targeting audiences with fast CPUs. ** Don't give the characters too much dialogue, as the audiences shouldn't be able to see through what the characters are thinking; audiences will feel that handling the dialogue this way is 'cool'.
** Don't make the dialogue too long, one line after another, and have the artists speak slower – this helps to draw out the emotional factor a bit more ** We sometimes put the camera at unconventional angles, completely opposite of what the audiences may be used to seeing – this helps to draw in a more 'movie-like' feel and changes audiences' viewing experience. ** We often utilize a nonlinear, balanced editing method for certain scenes that will make audiences feel as though they've just been 'played', but then when they figure things out, it gives them a huge sense of satisfaction. PART B: What type of pre-production 'homework' is the production team required to do? With the goal of pursuing a more 'Westernized' method of filming HK series, the HKTV team has been observing the filming methods of overseas series (i.e. American series) and instituting similar 'prep work' processes with their production team.
** Scriptwriters are required to write a 'biography' for each character that never makes it into the final production. When it comes to the scripts for their series, the standard is very high. In addition to the full script, each scriptwriter is required to write a complete 'character biography'. Chu Sir explains: "When we were at TVB, they would also require us to write what we call a 'script bible' (天書), which basically consisted of a plot summary and brief character descriptions – each department would utilize this to go about their business. But here at HKTV, we go much more in-depth than that: we actually focus on the meticulous details of each character, to the point that we are essentially writing a 'biography' of the character – for example, what is this character's personality, what has he done from the time he was born until now, who are his parents and where are they from, what are their backgrounds, where did he go to school, when did he have his first relationship and what was that experience like, etc….all the details. The important thing to note is that these character biographies serve as the scriptwriters' 'homework' only – none of these details make it into the final production. In fact, we don't even include any of these details in the plot summary! The only people who end up reading these biographies are the production team (producer, director, etc.) and the artists who portray the characters. Doing these character biographies forces us to get an in-depth understanding of each character so that even if it's only the developmental stage, the dramatic element is already there."
** Production team is required to re-shoot (re-enact) scenes from American series to understand what the challenges are to adapting those filming methods. During the course of the interview, Chu King Kei also revealed another detail involved in HKTV's productions: "One of the 'projects' that we had to do was spend 4 days exploring the success and failure of certain American series. Very few TV stations will do this kind of thing, but here at HKTV, they truly do allow the production team to halt production for a few days just to do this kind of research and analysis. Not only that, we were also asked to try re-shooting scenes from certain American series ourselves and in the process of doing so, identify any challenges / obstacles we see. Of course, the most obvious challenge is money, as the production costs for American series is 10x more than ours – outside of that though, what are the biggest obstacles to being able to film HK series in a similar fashion? Is it a problem with lack of proper skill and technique? Is it lack of knowledge? How do they handle storyline and plot development? Understanding all of these things helps us learn how produce better series."
** Audience involvement in production of series through utilization of 'focus groups' Most of the general public seems to be under the impression that in the past 3 years, HKTV's staff hasn't done much except sit around waiting for their license to be issued and that the series they have completed are just sitting in the warehouse collecting dust. After visiting HKTV's headquarters, ND Daily's reporters can tell you directly that this 'impression' is entirely false. In reality, the HKTV team has been quite busy these past 3 years, working on various projects outside of filming series.
Starting in November 2011, the HKTV production team divided themselves up into 8 teams, with each team focused on the production details of a particular series. One of the most interesting 'exercises' that these teams went through was working with specialized 'focus groups' -- groups consisting of audience members who would give feedback on the series being filmed throughout the entire production process. This was one of the methods they had learned that American series production teams often utilized. In accordance with HKTV's philosophy of being 'HK audience's station', there is heavy emphasis on audience participation and them having a say on how the productions turn out. Therefore, the production team is constantly encouraged to interact with audiences and are provided various opportunities to do so – one of these opportunities is in the form of 'focus groups'.
Amongst all of HKTV's series, Borderline went through the most 'focus group' exercises and as a result, the series' total points were the highest amongst the audiences surveyed. The first group consisted of audiences who only watch TVB series – they rated the series an average of 7.8 points. The second group consisted of audiences who watch both TVB series as well as overseas series (i.e. series from U.S. and other countries) – they rated the series at 8 points. Lastly, the third group consisted of audiences who don't watch free TV at all and pretty much only watched overseas series – their score was 8.4 points. This exercise was an eye-opener for the production team – back when they all worked for TVB, it was pretty much a given that the younger audiences would be the most difficult to attract and retain, since majority of them are already too used to watching stuff on a computer. But with the results of the focus group exercises as well as the feedback on Borderline's airing, the production team realized that it actually IS possible to draw in the younger audiences.
** Film a pilot episode first, then hold audience trial screenings before deciding whether to continue with the series Ricky Wong has always been known as an expert businessman who is very adept at his craft – he understands very well how to utilize scientific knowledge and methods to obtain information and feedback from customers. Utilizing these skills, Ricky Wong instituted the concept of having the production team film a pilot episode of a series first, then hold audience trial screenings to obtain feedback and from there, determine whether to continue filming the series or abandon it. The first series they tried this 'pilot episode' concept with is Flow of the Years (歲月樓情) [starring Ha Yu (夏雨), Paw Hee Ching (鲍起静), Felix Wong (黃日華), Leila Tong (唐寧), etc.]. After filming the pilot episode, HKTV held a large-scale 'trial screening' for the series, inviting approximately 120 audience members to participate – after watching, the audience had to fill out a detailed survey. The production team would then reflect on the feedback from those surveys and make improvements to their filming process, script, plot, etc. in accordance with it. This process is actually very similar to what American production companies do with their TV series – they film a pilot episode first, then do market analysis via surveys from audiences before deciding whether to continue with the series. This is another example of HKTV's goal of 'Westernizing' their filming methods.
** With Borderline's premiere on Youtube, if majority feedback is negative, then immediate changes will be made… The premiere of Borderline's first episode last Friday launched another round of audience interaction with the HKTV production team. The series' producer So Man Chung admits that they (the production team) already anticipated a positive response to the first episode: "Actually, back when we aired the 11 minute trailer clip, we received feedback almost immediately. The netizens on Youtube and Facebook were actually pretty fierce – they are able to speak freely with no burdens and certainly are not going to worry about giving you any face! Based on the feedback we received at that time, we did a lot of self-reflection – could it be that there was truly a problem with the way we structured the series? Perhaps we need to adjust the way we handled certain scenes? Actually, the first episode of the series that we aired on Youtube last Friday is different from the original version that we filmed internally – I made some additional edits to the episode and cut out 2 major scenes. A few audiences also complained that some of Lawrence Chou's lines weren't spoken clearly enough, so I had him come in and re-dub some of his scenes."
Chu Sir also praised this method of interacting with the audiences and making changes based on their feedback: "This is a new, refreshing experience for us – it's actually quite exciting! The reactions from netizens are more forthcoming and real, since they can speak without burden – production teams should face these criticisms head-on and not be afraid to make improvements when things aren't right. The direction given to us by the company is that whatever can be changed should be changed. If there is any one thing that a lot of people complain about as being 'not good', then it needs to be changed immediately!"
** At TVB, the production team would only receive survey results every couple of years The ideas of 'focus groups' and filming pilot episodes have been in existence for a long time already and the concept of audience surveys is often utilized by many of HK's large-scale media companies. Hasn't TVB ever done these types of surveys or realized their importance? Chu Sir responds: "To be honest, when I was at TVB, I had never heard about 'focus groups' – I was never involved in any matters related to market research and analysis, so my knowledge of this stuff was very limited. My understanding is that TVB did do phone surveys and there would be reports summarizing those results every so often, but the production team never got the chance to interact so closely with audiences and actually see / hear their feedback. It's possible that the colleagues in the sales and marketing department and the executives [at TVB] did have interaction with audiences and get to see the reports, but perhaps they felt it wasn't important for the rest of the production team to know the results. I remember when I was one of the head scriptwriters for TVB, I would receive 1 or 2 reports every couple of years that summarized how audiences felt about certain series, but it was nowhere near as detailed as what we do here at HKTV."
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About the series Borderline (警界線) Borderline is yet another story about an 'undercover cop', however in the series, there isn't just one undercover agent. Liu Kai Chi, Dominic Lam, Lawrence Chou, Leila Tong, and Joman Chiang share the 5 lead roles in the series. Amongst the group, one of the characters is a 'marginalized' cop who spent12 years working as an undercover agent (Liu Kai Chi), another is an experienced left-handed sniper (Dominic), another is a hot-tempered cop who was once framed for a murder he didn't commit (Lawrence), the fourth is a spinster female cop who has never used a gun before, but ends up firing 3 shots that become critical to solving the case (Leila), and lastly is a female senior inspector who is also a military weapons expert (Joman). Together, this group of 'cops and criminals' will match wits and strength and in the process, defy the boundaries between 'black' and 'white'.
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TN: Below is the translation of the 'official' plot summary that HKTV released back in August 2012 when they held the official press conference for the series. I chose to include it because it gives a bit more detailed summary of the plot:
Plot Summary: Haivng a clear separation between black and white, placing heavy emphasis on discipline – both are the most important 'boundaries' for a cop. But if those boundaries are broken through and cops collaborate with crooks, the investigative process as well as the probability of cracking the case becomes limitlessly greater. A 12 year undercover agent living on the edge, a hot-tempered cop who once broke out of jail after he was framed for crime, a 'King of Robbers' who was once jailed for a crime he didn't commit and now specializes in robbing crooks, a 'spinster' female cop who had never fired a single shot in her life and relies on her wits as well as life experiences to 'figure out' criminals, a fugitive from the law who is obsessed with female cops but always puts righteousness ahead of all else, and finally a high-ranking female officer who is also a military weapons expert – together, they will match wits as well as match strength. Out of this will come not only love, hate, and sparks, it will also break all boundaries – joining forces to crack cold cases and locate criminals, it creates an entirely different battlefield. Through blood, tears, life, and death, these most 'hot-blooded' of cops and criminals manifest the brilliance of human nature, leaving behind one touching, heart-stopping story after another.
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PROFILE of the creative team behind Borderline: Chu King Kei (朱镜祺): Known as 'Chu Sir' to those in the industry, Chu King Kei was formerly one of TVB's 'golden' scriptwriters. Throughout his 25 year career at TVB, Chu Sir participated in the production of numerous series, including E.U. (學警狙擊), Burning Flame (烈火雄心), La Femme Desperado (女人唔易做), You're Hired (絕代商驕), etc. Amongst those, Chu Sir's most representative work is E.U., as he is credited for creating the character of 'Laughing Gor'. Chu Sir is currently one of HKTV's creative directors (aka scriptwriter).
So Man Chung (蘇萬聰): Known as 'MC' to his colleagues, So Man Chung was formerly one of TVB's main directors. In his long career at TVB, he also participated in the production of numerous series, including Triumph in the Skies (衝上雲宵), Detective Investigation Files I-IV (刑事偵緝檔案I-IV), Lives of Omission (潛行狙擊), etc. So Man Chung is currently one of HKTV's main directors (aka producer).
Source: ND Daily News Translated by: llwy12 @
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